Argentine researchers find distant Tyrannosaurus rex relative

Meet the ‘Thunder reptile’: T-rex’s flesh-eating smaller cousin that lived 90 million years ago is discovered in Argentina

  •  Researchers describe both a new genus and new species from fossilised bones
  •  Fragments of skull, teeth, ribs, hip and tail were found in central Argentina
  •  The new species Tralkasaurus cuyi was a 14-foot-long carnivorous dinosaur  

The fossilised remains of a 90-million-year-old carnivorous dinosaur distantly related to the infamous T-rex have been discovered in Argentina.

The beast, christened Tralkasaurus cuyi, was a flesh-eating 13-foot long dinosaur. Its name means ‘terrible reptile’ in the local Mapuche language common in Patagonia. 

The new species would have been dwarfed by its distant cousin, the Tyrannosaurus rex, which could grow to more than 40 feet in length. 

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Vertebrate Paleontologist Sebastián Rozadilla’s impression of the Tralkasaurus cuyi, which is the first species to be described in the Tralkasaurus genus

Remains of the dinosaur – including fragments of skull, teeth, ribs, hip and tail – were discovered in the central Argentine province of Rio Negro. 

The dinosaur skeleton was found at a plateau called El Cuy at the Violante Farm fossil site.   

It is thought the predator feasted on smaller herbivorous dinosaurs known as iguanodontes.

These have been found by the same team of palaeontologists in nearby locations, along with other species such as turtles and lizards.

Map of El Cuy region showing the Violante farm fossil site where remains of the new species were discovered

Map of El Cuy region showing the Violante farm fossil site where remains of the new species were discovered 

Mauricio Cerroni at the Bernardino Rivadavia Museum of Natural Science in Buenos Aires. Left, maxillary bone, which is of the upper fixed bone of the jaw

Mauricio Cerroni at the Bernardino Rivadavia Museum of Natural Science in Buenos Aires. Left, maxillary bone, which is of the upper fixed bone of the jaw

Just like the T. rex, this new species in the Tralkasaurus genus was a short-necked and muscular biped with four claws on each of its hind legs.

Its arms were very short in comparison to the rest of its body and the bones of the creature’s extremities were light and hollow. 

‘The size of the Tralkasaurus body is smaller than other carnivores in its group – the abelisaurids,’ said Dr Federico Agnolin, an investigator from the Argentine Museum of Natural Sciences.

Remains of Tralkasaurus cuyi found in Río Negro included fragments of skull, teeth, ribs, hip and tail

Remains of Tralkasaurus cuyi found in Río Negro included fragments of skull, teeth, ribs, hip and tail

The 'most imformative' of the teeth of Tralkasaurus cuyi, in lingual view (the side near the tongue)

The ‘most imformative’ of the teeth of Tralkasaurus cuyi, in lingual view (the side near the tongue)

Other species in the abelisaurid family usually measured 23 to 36 feet. 

The abelisaurids were part of the wider the theropod clade of massive bipedal meat-eaters with sharp grasping claws. 

The study of the new dinosaur has been published in Journal of South American Earth Sciences.    

The new species was found in the Ezequiel Ramos Mejía Reservoir, 0.6 miles from El Chocón.

The new species was found in the Ezequiel Ramos Mejía Reservoir, 0.6 miles from El Chocón.

‘The Tralkasaurus cuyi, being much smaller, reveals that the group of abelisaurus theropods covered a much wider ecological niche than previously thought,’ said Mauricio Cerroni at the Bernardino Rivadavia Museum of Natural Science in Buenos Aires. 

‘Cervical ribs were found, which come out of the neck and are very long, so it is thought that they are tendons that fossilised.

‘One of the importance of this new discovery is that it helps us define the ecological habits of both carnivorous dinosaurs as well as herbivores.’

WHY DID THE DINOSAURS GO EXTINCT?

Dinosaurs ruled and dominated Earth around 66 million years ago, before they suddenly went extinct. 

The Cretaceous-Tertiary extinction event is the name given to this mass extinction.

It was believed for many years that the changing climate destroyed the food chain of the huge reptiles. 

In the 1980s, paleontologists discovered a layer of iridium.

This is an element that is rare on Earth but is found  in vast quantities in space.  

When this was dated, it coincided precisely with when the dinosaurs disappeared from the fossil record. 

A decade later, scientists uncovered the massive Chicxulub Crater at the tip of Mexico’s Yucatán Peninsula, which dates to the period in question. 

Scientific consensus now says that these two factors are linked and they were both probably caused by an enormous asteroid crashing to Earth.

With the projected size and impact velocity, the collision would have caused an enormous shock-wave and likely triggered seismic activity. 

The fallout would have created plumes of ash that likely covered all of the planet and made it impossible for dinosaurs to survive. 

Other animals and plant species had a shorter time-span between generations which allowed them to survive.

There are several other theories as to what caused the demise of the famous animals. 

One early theory was that small mammals ate dinosaur eggs and another proposes that toxic angiosperms (flowering plants) killed them off.  

 



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